منابع مشابه
Privatization and Nationalization Cycles
This paper studies the cycles of nationalization and privatization in resource-rich economies as a prime instance of unstable institutional reform. We discuss available evidence on the drivers and consequences of privatization and nationalization, reviewing the existing literature and presenting illustrative case studies. This leads to the main contribution of the paper: a static and dynamic mo...
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Stem cell research and synthetic biology offer complementary insights on the nature of scientific governance in China. Stem cells were essentially promoted by top-down semi-governmental initiatives. Yet it was through a process of 'de-nationalization' (in which a diversity of cross-border communications initiated by scientists effaced the dominance of a singular national voice) that China's ste...
متن کاملEvaluating the Efficiency of Iranian Regional Railways
Railway transportation plays an important role in the economic development of Iran. National Iranian Railways includes fifteen regional railways which operate independently, but under the supervision of National Iranian Railways Company. Evaluating the efficiency of regional railways is an important issue in Iran and is one of the bases for budget and resource allocation for further developmen...
متن کاملPublic Utility Characteristics of Railways in India
To serve Indian economy railways carry different category of freight traffics like coal, iron ore, food grains, steel, fertilizer and mineral oil, etc. Dispersal of some of these freights is limited compared to other traffics which ambit of outreach is quite large. Food grains and fertilizers are such freights which reach wider section of population, transporting thereby railways carry off its ...
متن کاملHow party nationalization conditions economic voting
In this article we analyze the conditioning effect of party nationalization, and in particular dynamic nationalization, on economic voting. While previous single-country and cross-national studies suggest a weak correlation between economic conditions and voting patterns, we argue that this relationship is conditioned by the degree to which parties are dynamically nationalized. Using both case ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Japanese Yearbook on Business History
سال: 2000
ISSN: 0910-2027,1884-6181
DOI: 10.5029/jrbh1984.16.7